The Norton Anthology of American Literature

"The Norton Anthology of American Literature" is a comprehensive collection of American literary works, edited by Robert S. Levine and Sandra M. Gustafson. Here is a detailed overview of the book:

Key Themes

1. Diversity and Evolution:

   • The anthology covers a wide range of themes and literary styles, from Native American oral traditions to postmodernism.
   • It integrates various American literary traditions, showcasing the evolution of American society, ideals, and identity.

2. Historical Context:

   • The book begins with colonial writings and explores the foundational stories and narratives that shaped the national ethos.
   • It delves into themes such as nature, survival, religious faith, and the encounter between cultures, which have been central to American literature.

3. Revolutionary Ideas:

   • The 18th century saw the emergence of revolutionary ideas like liberty, individualism, and democracy, which profoundly influenced American literature.
   • Enlightenment thought introduced a focus on reason, scientific progress, and political freedom, with writers like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Phillis Wheatley articulating these ideals.

4. Romanticism and Transcendentalism:

   • The 19th century saw the flourishing of Romanticism and Transcendentalism, introducing themes of nature, self-reliance, and the sublime.

Plot Summary

The anthology does not follow a single narrative plot but rather presents a collection of diverse works. It includes:

• Early American Literature: Works from the colonial period, such as Native American oral traditions and early colonial writings.
• Revolutionary Era: Writings that reflect the revolutionary ideas of liberty, individualism, and democracy.
• Romanticism and Transcendentalism: Works by authors like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau that emphasize nature and self-reliance.
• Modern and Postmodern Literature: Inclusion of works from the 20th century, such as those by authors like Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Toni Morrison.

Critical Reception

The anthology has received positive reviews for its comprehensive coverage of American literature:

• Educational Value: It is widely used in American Literature courses for its informative and honest portrayal of the history of the country, including its colonization and slavery.
• Inclusive Selections: The anthology includes works from both well-known and lesser-known authors, providing a balanced representation of early American literature.
• Educational Tools: The book is praised for its helpful editorial apparatus, making it a trusted resource for teaching challenges.

Editions and Updates

The Norton Anthology of American Literature has undergone several editions, including the 2003 Shorter Sixth Edition. The current general editor is Robert S. Levine, a literary scholar from the University of Maryland, College Park.

In summary, "The Norton Anthology of American Literature" is a seminal work that offers a comprehensive view of the evolution and transformation of American literary expression. It integrates diverse themes and literary styles, providing a rich tapestry that reflects both the unique and universal aspects of the American experience.